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Tetracycline CAS: 60-54-8
Tetracycline ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali m'gulu la tetracycline, ochokera ku chlortetracycline yachilengedwe. Amaletsa kupanga mapuloteni a bakiteriya mwa kumangirira ku ribosome ya bakiteriya, motero amaletsa kuti aminoacyl-tRNA isagwirizane ndi mRNA-ribosome complex. Njira imeneyi imapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya asamagwire bwino ntchito motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana a gramu-positive ndi gramu-negative, komanso ma protozoa ena.
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Teicoplanin CAS:61036-62-2
Teicoplanin ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa glycopeptide ochokera ku Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, omwe amagwira ntchito polimbana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana okhala ndi gramu kuphatikizapo Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) yolimbana ndi methicillin. Amaletsa kapangidwe ka makoma a maselo a bakiteriya mwa kumamatira ku D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus ya peptidoglycan precursors, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo ayambe kupangika komanso kupha mabakiteriya. Teicoplanin nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo azachipatala pochiza matenda oopsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda okhala ndi gramu.
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Sulfisoxazol (4-amino-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)benzenesulfonamide) CAS:127-69-5
Sulfisoxazole, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sulfafurazole, ndi mankhwala opha mabakiteriya a sulfonamide omwe ali m'gulu la mankhwala a sulfa. Sulfisoxazole, yomwe imatchedwa 4-amino-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)benzenesulfonamide, imaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya mwa kusokoneza kapangidwe ka folic acid. Njira imeneyi yogwirira ntchito imayang'ana dihydropteroate synthase, enzyme yofunika kwambiri popanga folate ya mabakiteriya, motero imalepheretsa kukula ndi kuchulukana kwawo.
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Sulfapyridine CAS:144-83-2
Sulfapyridine ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a sulfonamide omwe kale ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a bakiteriya, makamaka panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Ndi m'gulu la mankhwala a sulfa, omwe amaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya mwa kusokoneza kapangidwe ka folic acid. Sulfapyridine imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake za bacteriostatic polimbana ndi dihydropteroate synthase, enzyme yofunika kwambiri popanga folate m'mabakiteriya.
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Tazobactam CAS:89786-04-9
Tazobactam ndi mankhwala oletsa beta-lactamase omwe amawonjezera mphamvu ya maantibayotiki a beta-lactam powateteza kuti asawonongeke ndi ma enzymes a beta-lactamase opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya ambiri osalimbana ndi mabakiteriya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi maantibayotiki a beta-lactam monga piperacillin kuti awonjezere mphamvu zawo motsutsana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya. Tazobactam imabwezeretsa bwino mphamvu ya maantibayotiki a beta-lactam motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya opanga beta-lactamase, makamaka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a gram-negative.
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Tigecycline CAS:220620-09-7
Tigecycline ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a glycylcycline omwe amaletsa kupanga mapuloteni a mabakiteriya mwa kumangirira ku 30S ribosomal subunit, motero amakhala ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana a gramu-positive ndi gramu-negative, kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe sitingathe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri. Ndi yogwirizana ndi tetracyclines koma ili ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka yolimbana ndi mitundu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya chifukwa cha njira yake yapadera yogwirira ntchito komanso kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake.
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Sulbactam sodium salt CAS: 69388-84-7
Mchere wa sodium wa Sulbactam ndi mankhwala oletsa beta-lactamase omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi maantibayotiki ena polimbana ndi matenda a bakiteriya. Amachita poletsa ntchito ya ma enzyme a beta-lactamase opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya, zomwe zingapangitse kuti maantibayotiki asagwire ntchito. Mwa kupewa kuwonongeka kwa maantibayotiki monga penicillins ndi cephalosporins, mchere wa sodium wa sulbactam umathandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi maantibayotiki monga ampicillin kuti apange mphamvu zogwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya omwe amakhudzidwa.
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Sulfadimidine CAS:57-68-1
Sulfadimidine, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sulfamethazine, ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a sulfonamide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a bakiteriya. Ndi m'gulu la mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amadziwika kuti sulfa drugs, omwe amagwira ntchito poletsa kukula ndi kuberekana kwa mabakiteriya. Sulfadimidine imasokoneza kapangidwe ka folic acid m'mabakiteriya, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti apulumuke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya azikhala ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana a gramu-positive ndi gramu-negative.
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Sulfacetamide sodium salt CAS:6209-17-2
Mchere wa Sulfacetamide sodium ndi mankhwala osungunuka m'madzi ochokera ku sulfacetamide, mankhwala opha tizilombo a sulfonamide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a bakiteriya pakhungu ndi m'maso. Mcherewu umathandiza kuti sulfacetamide isungunuke komanso ikhale yokhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Mchere wa Sulfacetamide sodium umagwira ntchito poletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya, makamaka omwe amayambitsa matenda monga ziphuphu zakumaso, seborrheic dermatitis, ndi matenda a maso monga conjunctivitis. Umasokoneza kapangidwe ka folate ya bakiteriya, zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi mabakiteriya ambiri a gramu-positive ndi gramu-negative.
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Streptomycin sulfate CAS:3810-74-0
Streptomycin sulfate ndi mankhwala opha maantibayotiki omwe ali m'gulu la aminoglycoside. Amachokera ku bakiteriya wotchedwa Streptomyces griseus ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a bakiteriya. Streptomycin sulfate imagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga mapuloteni a bakiteriya, motero imapha mabakiteriya omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa pochiza chifuwa chachikulu, mliri, tularemia, ndi matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Streptomycin sulfate nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu jakisoni ndipo imaperekedwa kudzera mu intramuscularly kapena kudzera mu intravenously pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.
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Sulfamethoxazole sodium salt CAS:4563-84-2
Mchere wa Sulfamethoxazole sodium ndi mankhwala osungunuka m'madzi ochokera ku sulfamethoxazole, mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a sulfonamide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a bakiteriya. Mcherewu umawonjezera kusungunuka ndi kukhazikika kwa sulfamethoxazole, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala. Mchere wa Sulfamethoxazole sodium umagwira ntchito yake yolimbana ndi bakiteriya poletsa kupanga folic acid m'mabakiteriya, njira yofunika kwambiri pakukula ndi kuberekana kwawo. Ndi yothandiza polimbana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana a gramu-positive ndi gramu-negative.
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Sulfamethoxazole CAS:723-46-6
Sulfamethoxazole ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa sulfonamide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamodzi ndi trimethoprim kuti apange mankhwala amphamvu opha tizilombo otchedwa co-trimoxazole kapena trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Ndi m'gulu la mankhwala opha tizilombo otchedwa sulfa, omwe amaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya mwa kusokoneza kapangidwe ka folic acid. Sulfamethoxazole imayang'ana makamaka dihydropteroate synthase, enzyme yomwe imagwira ntchito popanga folate, motero imagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya ambiri a gramu-positive ndi gramu-negative.
