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Pristinamycin CAS:270076-60-3
Pristinamycin ndi mankhwala ophatikizika a maantibayotiki omwe ali ndi zigawo ziwiri zogwira ntchito, pristinamycin I ndi pristinamycin II. Ili m'gulu la maantibayotiki a streptogramin ndipo imagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana okhala ndi gramu, kuphatikizapo Staphylococcus aureus ndi Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pristinamycin imagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga mapuloteni a mabakiteriya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza pochiza matenda a pakhungu ndi minofu yofewa, matenda opatsirana m'mapapo, ndi matenda ena a mabakiteriya omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
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Ribostamycin sulfate CAS: 53797-35-6
Ribostamycin sulfate ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a aminoglycoside ochokera ku Streptomyces griseoluteus. Amathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi mabakiteriya ambiri omwe ali ndi gramu-negative ndi ena omwe ali ndi gramu-positive mwa kuletsa kupanga mapuloteni. Ribostamycin sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a mkodzo, matenda a m'mapapo, matenda a pakhungu ndi minofu yofewa, komanso septicemia yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amakhudzidwa mosavuta.
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Rifampicin CAS:13292-46-1
Rifampicin, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti rifampin, ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali m'gulu la rifamycin. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza chifuwa chachikulu, khate, ndi matenda ena a bakiteriya. Rifampicin imagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga kwa RNA m'mabakiteriya, motero imasokoneza kuthekera kwawo kuberekana ndikukhala ndi moyo. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya komanso mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi mitundu ya mycobacterial, rifampicin ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamankhwala ophatikizana a chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda ena opatsirana.
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Puromycin dihydrochloride CAS:58-58-2
Puromycin dihydrochloride ndi mankhwala amphamvu oletsa maantibayotiki ndi mapuloteni omwe amachokera ku Streptomyces alboniger. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kafukufuku wa biology ya mamolekyulu kuti aletse kupanga mapuloteni m'maselo mwa kuletsa kumasulira msanga panthawi yopangidwa kwa mapuloteni. Puromycin dihydrochloride imaphatikizidwa mu unyolo wa peptide watsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma polypeptide osakwanira atulutsidwe ndipo pamapeto pake kufa kwa maselo. Chifukwa cha njira yake yapadera yogwirira ntchito, puromycin dihydrochloride ndi chida chamtengo wapatali chophunzirira kapangidwe ka mapuloteni, ntchito ya ribosome, mawonekedwe a majini, ndi moyo wa maselo m'malo oyesera.
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Protionamide CAS:14222-60-7
Protionamide ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe ali m'gulu la thioamide, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza chifuwa chachikulu chosamva mankhwala ambiri. Amagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga kwa mycolic acid m'makoma a maselo a bakiteriya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Mycobacterium tuberculosis iwonongeke. Protionamide nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena oletsa chifuwa chachikulu ngati gawo la njira yonse yothandizira mitundu yonse ya chifuwa chachikulu chosamva mankhwala.
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Potaziyamu clavulanate CAS: 61177-45-5
Potaziyamu clavulanate ndi mankhwala oletsa β-lactamase omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi maantibayotiki ena kuti awonjezere mphamvu zawo polimbana ndi matenda a bakiteriya. Amagwira ntchito poletsa kuwonongeka kwa maantibayotiki ndi ma enzyme a bakiteriya, motero amawonjezera ntchito yawo ndikukweza zotsatira za chithandizo. Potaziyamu clavulanate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mankhwala ophatikizana ndi maantibayotiki monga amoxicillin pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya.
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Retapamulin CAS:224452-66-8
Retakamulin ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali m'gulu la mankhwala a pleuromutilin. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a pakhungu a bakiteriya, makamaka impetigo yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha mitundu ya Staphylococcus aureus ndi Streptococcus pyogenes yomwe imakhudzidwa mosavuta. Retakamulin imagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga mapuloteni a bakiteriya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya omwe akuyambitsa matendawa athetsedwe komanso kuti matenda a pakhungu athetsedwe.
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Staurosporine, streptomyces staurosporeus CAS:62996-74-1
Staurosporine ndi mankhwala achilengedwe opangidwa kuchokera ku bakiteriya ya Streptomyces staurosporeus. Amaonedwa ngati alkaloid yamphamvu yokhala ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zamoyo, makamaka poletsa mapuloteni a protein kinases ndikuyambitsa apoptosis ya maselo. Staurosporine yaphunziridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zamankhwala, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zake zotsutsana ndi khansa komanso ntchito yake ngati chida chofufuzira pamaphunziro odziwitsa maselo.
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Phosphomycin disodium mchere CAS:26016-99-9
Mchere wa Phosphomycin disodium ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya. Ndi m'gulu la ma phosphonic acid ndipo amagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga makoma a maselo a bakiteriya. Ufa woyera wa kristalo uwu umasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena pakamwa. Mchere wa Phosphomycin disodium umadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake polimbana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana a gramu-positive ndi gramu-negative, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale njira yothandiza kwambiri pochiza matenda.
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Phleomycin CAS:11006-33-0
Phleomycin ndi mankhwala amphamvu opha tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza za biology ya mamolekyu posankha maselo omwe ali ndi jini yofunikira. Ndi njira yogwirira ntchito yomwe imaphatikizapo kugawanika kwa DNA, Phleomycin ndi yothandiza polimbana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana ndipo yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafukufuku osiyanasiyana. Mankhwala opha tizilombo amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri limodzi ndi zizindikiro zina zosankhika kuti apange mizere yokhazikika ya maselo ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kukufunika. Phleomycin imapezeka mumitundu yonse yamadzimadzi ndi ufa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosinthika komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera. Ofufuza amayamikira luso lake lalikulu komanso kudalirika kwake posankha maselo osinthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chofunikira kwambiri pamaphunziro aukadaulo wa majini.
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Penicillin V potaziyamu mchere CAS:132-98-9
Mchere wa potassium wa Penicillin V ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amamwa pochiza matenda a bakiteriya. Uli ndi penicillin V, mchere wa potassium womwe ndi phenoxymethylpenicillin. Penicillin V imagwira ntchito posokoneza kapangidwe ka peptidoglycan mu khoma la maselo a bakiteriya. Izi zimafooketsa khoma la maselo ndikupha kapena kuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Umapezeka ngati mapiritsi kapena mankhwala oletsa omwe amamwedwa pakamwa kuti alandire chithandizo cha matenda ofatsa mpaka apakati.
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Penicillin G sodium salt (Benzylpenicillin sodium salt) CAS:69-57-8
Penicillin G sodium salt ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amapangidwa ndi penicillin G mu mawonekedwe ake a sodium salt. Amathandiza poletsa kupanga kwa peptidoglycan m'makoma a maselo a bakiteriya, kupha mabakiteriya omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Penicillin G sodium salt imapezeka ngati makhiristo oyera kapena pafupifupi oyera kapena ufa womwe uyenera kusinthidwa kukhala yankho musanapereke jekeseni. Imapereka penicillin G yothandiza pochiza matenda a bakiteriya.
