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Vancomycin hydrochloride CAS:1404-93-9
Vancomycin hydrochloride ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda oopsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya. Ndi m'gulu la mankhwala a glycopeptide ndipo amagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga peptidoglycan, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa makoma a maselo a bakiteriya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda monga MRSA, kutsegula m'mimba komwe kumakhudzana ndi Clostridium difficile, ndi bacterial endocarditis..
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HEPPS CAS:16052-06-5 Mtengo wa Wopanga
HEPPS, yomwe imayimira N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid, ndi mankhwala oletsa kupha maselo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kafukufuku wa zamoyo ndi zamankhwala. Imadziwika ndi mphamvu yake yabwino kwambiri yoletsa kupha maselo komanso kukhazikika pa pH yochuluka, makamaka pa pH 6.8-8.2. HEPPS nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maselo, kuyeretsa mapuloteni, kuchitapo kanthu kwa ma enzyme, ndi ntchito zina zomwe zimafuna pH yolamulidwa bwino. Imasungunuka m'madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo woyambira 10 mM mpaka 100 mM. HEPPS imaonedwa kuti si poizoni ku maselo ndipo imakhala ndi kusokoneza kochepa kumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pa ma protocol ambiri oyesera.
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2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride CAS:298-96-4
2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti TTC, ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chizindikiro cha redox mu ntchito zamoyo ndi zamankhwala. Amawoneka ngati ufa wa kristalo woyera wachikasu.
TTC imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu mayeso osiyanasiyana a zamoyo ndi zoyeserera kuti adziwe momwe maselo amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe kagayidwe kachakudya kamagwirira ntchito. Ikawonjezeredwa ku maselo amoyo, imachepetsedwa ndi enzyme kuti ipange chinthu chofiira cha formazan. Kuchepetsa kumeneku kumadalira ma enzymes a dehydrogenase omwe ali m'maselo okhazikika. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa formazan yofiira komwe kumapangidwa kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo omwe amagwira ntchito m'kagayidwe kachakudya.
Kutha kwa TTC kuwunika momwe maselo alili kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza m'magawo ofufuza monga kuyesa poizoni m'thupi, kuyesa kuchulukana kwa maselo, komanso kuwunika momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu microbiology poyesa kukula kwa mabakiteriya, komanso mu maphunziro okhudzana ndi kukula kwa minofu ya zomera ndi kuwunika momwe minofu imakhalira.
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Mchere wa Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide p-toluenesulfonate CAS: 65096-46-0
Mchere wa Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide p-toluenesulfonate ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ma enzyme kuti ayesere ntchito ya ma peptidase enieni a proline. Uli ndi dipeptide Gly-Pro yolumikizidwa ndi gulu la p-nitroanilide, lomwe lingatulutsidwe ndi ntchito ya ma peptidase enieni a proline.
Mu mayeso a enzymatic, chigawochi chimawonjezedwa ku chitsanzo chokhala ndi enzyme yofunika. Enzymeyi imadula mgwirizano pakati pa glycine (Gly) ndi proline (Pro), ndikutulutsa gulu la p-nitroanilide. P-nitroanilide yotulutsidwa imatha kuyezedwa ndi spectrophotometric, zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa momwe enzymeyo imagwirira ntchito.
Mchere wa p-toluenesulfonate wa Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide umapereka kukhazikika ndi kusungunuka m'madzi amadzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa ma enzyme..
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5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide CAS:4264-82-8
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana a biochemical, makamaka pozindikira ndikuwonetsa momwe ma enzyme amagwirira ntchito. Ndi gawo lomwe limatha kusungunuka ndi ma enzyme enaake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutulutsa mankhwala obiriwira kapena owala.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa kuti azindikire kukhalapo ndi ntchito ya ma enzyme monga beta-galactosidase ndi beta-glucuronidase. Ma enzyme amenewa amagawa magulu a acetyl ndi glucosaminide kuchokera ku substrate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chromophore yabuluu kapena yobiriwira.
Kapangidwe kapadera ka 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide kamalola kuzindikira mosavuta ndi kuwerengera ntchito ya enzyme. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera, kuphatikizapo histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, ndi ma cell-based assays, kwathandiza kumvetsetsa bwino ntchito za enzyme.
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AMPPD CAS: 122341-56-4 Mtengo wa Wopanga
AMPPD, mwachidule chifukwa cha 3-(2′-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3″-phosphoryloxy)phenyl-1,2-dioxetane, ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi chemiluminescent chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ntchito zamoyo ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kafukufuku wa zamoyo zamamolekyulu, matenda, ndi sayansi ya moyo.
AMPPD yapangidwa mwapadera kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi alkaline phosphatase enzyme conjugates. Ikakumana ndi alkaline phosphatase, AMPPD imadutsa mwachangu komanso moyenera mu enzyme cleavage reaction, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kutuluke.
Kuwala komwe kumachokera ku AMPPD kumazindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira zithunzi kapena ma luminometer, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mamolekyu kapena ma analytes azionedwa bwino. Njira yodziwira pogwiritsa ntchito chemiluminescence iyi imapereka mphamvu zambiri, phokoso lochepa, komanso mphamvu zambiri.
Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake komanso chizindikiro chake chokhalitsa, AMPPD ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito monga Western blotting, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), DNA hybridization, ndi in situ hybridization. Imathandiza ofufuza kupeza ndi kusanthula mapuloteni, nucleic acids, antibodies, ndi ma biomolecule ena.
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2,6-Dichloroindophenol sodium salt CAS: 620-45-1
3,5-Dichlorophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zachilengedwe. Ndi mchere wa diazonium, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti uli ndi gulu la diazonium (N2+) lolumikizidwa ku mphete ya phenyl yomwe imalowetsedwa m'malo ndi maatomu a chlorine pamalo achitatu ndi achisanu.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazochitika zomwe zimaphatikizapo kulumikizana ndi zinthu zina zonunkhira. Kakhoza kuchitika monga kusintha kwa aromatic pogwiritsa ntchito electrophilic, komwe kamatha kusamutsa gulu lake la diazonium kupita ku chinthu china chonunkhira cha nucleophilic kuti apange mgwirizano watsopano. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pakuyambitsa magulu ogwira ntchito pa mphete zonunkhira..
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3,3′-Diaminobenzidine CAS:91-95-2
3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu njira zopaka utoto wa immunohistochemistry (IHC) ndi immunocytochemistry (ICC). Ndi gawo la chromogenic lomwe limapanga mankhwala a bulauni akakumana ndi ma enzyme a peroxidase, zomwe zimasonyeza kukhalapo kwa antigen yomwe ikufunidwa.
DAB nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poganizira mapuloteni kapena mamolekyulu ena ofunikira mkati mwa zitsanzo zamoyo, monga zigawo za minofu kapena maselo. Ikhoza kupereka chizindikiro cha antigen yomwe ili pamalopo komanso yooneka bwino, zomwe zimathandiza ofufuza kuzindikira ndikuwunika momwe imafalikira komanso kuchuluka kwake.
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(±)-6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid CAS:53188-07-1
Trolox ndi mankhwala opangidwa omwe ali m'gulu la ma antioxidants omwe amadziwika kuti vitamini E analogs. Ndi antioxidant yamphamvu yomwe imatha kuchotsa ma free radicals ndikuteteza maselo ndi minofu ku kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni. Trolox yaphunziridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha ubwino wake pa thanzi, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kwake kuchepetsa kutupa, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa maselo, komanso kuthandizira thanzi la mtima. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ofunikira mu kafukufuku wa antioxidant komanso ngati chowonjezera mu zakudya zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zodzikongoletsera.
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1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride CAS:25952-53-8
1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti EDC hydrochloride kapena EDAC, ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu biochemistry ndi molecular biology ngati cholumikizira chothandizira kuyambitsa magulu a carboxyl. Ndi ufa woyera wa kristalo womwe umasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi.
EDC hydrochloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ma peptide ndi mapuloteni mwa kuthandizira kupanga ma amide bond pakati pa magulu a carboxyl ndi amino. Imagwira ntchito poyambitsa magulu a carboxyl, omwe amachita ndi magulu a amino pamaso pa cholumikizira monga N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma stable amide bond.
EDC hydrochloride imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu kafukufuku wa DNA ndi RNA posintha ndi kulumikiza ma nucleic acid, komanso poletsa kuyenda kwa ma enzyme ndi ma biomolecule ena pamalo. Ndi reagent yosinthasintha yomwe ingathandize kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndi kulunjika kwa machitidwe awa.
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HEPES CAS: 7365-45-9 Mtengo wa Wopanga
HEPES (4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid) ndi mankhwala oteteza ku matenda a bakiteriya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kafukufuku wa zamoyo ndi mankhwala. Amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwake kusunga pH yokhazikika mu mayankho amadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana pokhudzana ndi njira zama cell ndi ma enzyme. HEPES ndi mankhwala a zwitterionic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi mphamvu zabwino ndi zoyipa pamagulu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito, zomwe zimamulola kuti asasinthe pH chifukwa cha kuwonjezera ma acid kapena maziko. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu chitukuko cha maselo, kuyesa ma enzyme, maphunziro a mapuloteni, kuyesa kwa electrophoresis, ndi kupanga mankhwala.
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p-Nitrophenyl -aL-Fucopyranoside CAS:10231-84-2
P-Nitrophenyl-α-L-Fucopyranoside ndi mankhwala omwe ali m'gulu la nitrophenyl glycosides. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kafukufuku wa biochemical ngati gawo la enzyme α-L-fucosidase, yomwe imayambitsa hydrolysis yake. Mankhwalawa ndi opanda mtundu ndipo amasungunuka mu organic solvents, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyesa ma enzyme.
