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Ofloxacin CAS:82419-36-1
Ofloxacin ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa fluoroquinolone omwe amagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana a gram-negative ndi gram-positive. Amaletsa ma enzyme a DNA gyrase ndi topoisomerase IV a bakiteriya, kusokoneza kuchulukitsa kwa DNA ndikupangitsa kuti maselo a bakiteriya afe. Opezeka m'mankhwala opangidwa pakamwa, m'malo opaka, komanso m'mitsempha, ofloxacin nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a m'mapapo, matenda a mkodzo, matenda a pakhungu ndi minofu yofewa, komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana. Ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana, mankhwala abwino, komanso mphamvu zake zachipatala zimapangitsa ofloxacin kukhala njira yothandiza kwambiri yochiritsira m'madera ammudzi komanso m'zipatala.
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Norfloxacin CAS: 70458-96-7
Norfloxacin ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa fluoroquinolone omwe ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya onse a gram-negative ndi ena a gram-positive. Amaletsa DNA gyrase ya bakiteriya ndi topoisomerase IV, ma enzyme ofunikira omwe amagwira ntchito yokonzanso ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa DNA, motero amakhala ndi mphamvu yopha mabakiteriya. Norfloxacin imapezeka m'mapiritsi ndi mankhwala opangidwa pakamwa, kuphatikizapo mapiritsi ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi suspensions, pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya, monga matenda a mkodzo, matenda am'mimba, matenda a kupuma, ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwake bwino, kulekerera, komanso njira yabwino yoperekera mankhwala.
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Nisin CAS:1414-45-5
Nisin ndi mankhwala achilengedwe ophera mabakiteriya opangidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya a Lactococcus lactis. Ndi m'gulu la maantibayotiki, omwe amadziwika ndi kapangidwe kawo kapadera komwe kali ndi lanthionine ndi methyllanthionine amino acid. Nisin imagwira ntchito mwamphamvu yophera mabakiteriya motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya ambiri okhala ndi gramu, kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapezeka m'zakudya monga Listeria monocytogenes ndi Staphylococcus aureus. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwake komanso kugwirizana kwake ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira chakudya, nisin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chosungira zachilengedwe m'makampani azakudya kuti ilepheretse kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka.
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Oxytetracycline dihydrate CAS:6153-64-6
Oxytetracycline dihydrate ndi mtundu wa oxytetracycline, mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali m'gulu la tetracycline. Monga ma tetracycline ena, imaletsa kupanga mapuloteni a bakiteriya mwa kumangirira ku 30S ribosomal subunit, motero imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya bakiteriya motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana a gramu-positive ndi gramu-negative. Oxytetracycline dihydrate imafanana ndi oxytetracycline koma ili ndi mamolekyu awiri amadzi mu kapangidwe kake ka kristalo. Imapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu komanso ziweto.
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Ornidazole CAS:16773-42-5
Ornidazole ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nitroimidazole komanso oletsa ma protozoal omwe amagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya osagwira ntchito komanso ma protozoa. Imagwira ntchito powononga DNA ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti afe. Ornidazole imapezeka m'mapiritsi ndi mankhwala opangidwa pakamwa, kuphatikizapo mapiritsi ndi mankhwala oyeretsera, pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana monga bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis, ndi amoebiasis. Nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yake, kulekerera kwake, komanso njira yabwino yoperekera mankhwala.
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Oxacillin sodium salt monohydrate CAS:7240-38-2
Oxacillin sodium salt monohydrate ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a beta-lactam, ofanana ndi oxacillin sodium salt, omwe amawonjezera molekyulu imodzi yamadzi mu kapangidwe kake ka kristalo. Pofanana ndi methicillin ndi nafcillin, imagwira ntchito bwino polimbana ndi staphylococci yopanga penicillinase. Oxacillin sodium salt monohydrate imaletsa kapangidwe ka makoma a maselo a bakiteriya mwa kusokoneza kulumikizana kwa peptidoglycan, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya azipha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Imapezeka m'njira zobayira jakisoni kuti iperekedwe kudzera m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo azaumoyo pochiza matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mitundu ya Staphylococcus aureus yopanga penicillinase.
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Pefloxacin mesylate CAS:70458-95-6
Pefloxacin mesylate ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa fluoroquinolone omwe ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya a gram-positive ndi gram-negative. Imagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga DNA ya bakiteriya kudzera mu mgwirizano wake ndi ma enzyme monga DNA gyrase ndi topoisomerase IV, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu yopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pefloxacin mesylate imapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mankhwala kuti iperekedwe pakamwa komanso jakisoni, ndipo imapereka njira zothandiza zochizira matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya.
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Novobiocin sodium mchere CAS: 1476-53-5
Mchere wa Novobiocin sodium ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ochokera ku banja la coumarin, omwe poyamba adachokera ku mitundu ya Streptomyces. Amawonetsa mphamvu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ambiri, makamaka motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya okhala ndi gramu, poletsa DNA gyrase, enzyme yofunika kwambiri yomwe imagwira ntchito pakubwerezabwereza kwa DNA ndi kulemba. Novobiocin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma laboratories a microbiology chifukwa choletsa Staphylococcus aureus ndi staphylococci zina zokhala ndi coagulase, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chofunikira chodziwira mabakiteriya komanso kuyesa kuopsa kwa maantibayotiki.
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Nitrocefin CAS:41906-86-9
Nitrocefin ndi gawo la cephalosporin lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu microbiology pozindikira momwe beta-lactamase imagwirira ntchito m'mabakiteriya. Imagwira ntchito ngati chida chodziwira mabakiteriya omwe amapanga ma enzyme a beta-lactamase omwe amatha kupha maantibayotiki a beta-lactam, monga penicillins ndi cephalosporins. Nitrocefin imasinthasintha mtundu kuchoka pachikasu kupita ku wofiira pamaso pa beta-lactamase, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma enzyme aziwoneka mwachangu. Izi zimapangitsa nitrocefin kukhala chida chofunikira kwambiri m'ma laboratories azachipatala pofufuza mabakiteriya omwe amachotsedwa m'thupi ndikuwongolera zisankho za mankhwala opha maantibayotiki.
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Oleandomycin phosphate CAS: 7060-74-4
Oleandomycin phosphate ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa macrolide antibiotic ochokera ku Streptomyces antibioticus, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amphamvu kwambiri polimbana ndi mabakiteriya okhala ndi gramu. Amaletsa kupanga mapuloteni a bakiteriya mwa kumangirira ku 50S ribosomal subunit, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira za bacteriostatic. Oleandomycin phosphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala a ziweto pochiza matenda a bakiteriya m'ziweto ndi nkhuku. Imapezeka m'njira zoyenera kuperekedwa pakamwa kuti ithetse matenda opuma, matenda am'mimba, ndi matenda ena a bakiteriya omwe amakhudza nyama.
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Natamycin (Pimaricin) CAS: 7681-93-8
Natamycin, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti pimaricin, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapangidwa ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa Streptomyces natalensis. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chosungira chakudya kuti aletse kukula kwa nkhungu ndi yisiti m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mkaka, nyama, ndi zinthu zophikidwa. Natamycin imagwira ntchito bwino polimbana ndi bowa wambiri, kuphatikizapo mitundu ya Aspergillus, Penicillium, ndi Fusarium, pomwe ndi yotetezeka kudya kwa anthu. Mankhwalawa amadziwika chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake, kukana kutentha, komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya organoleptic ya zakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri popanga ndi kusunga chakudya.
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Nadifloxacin CAS:124858-35-1
Nadifloxacin ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa fluoroquinolone omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a pakhungu. Amagwira ntchito yopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, makamaka omwe amakhudzidwa ndi ziphuphu ndi dermatitis. Nadifloxacin imagwira ntchito poletsa kuchulukitsa kwa DNA ya mabakiteriya, motero imachotsa bwino mabakiteriya owopsa pakhungu. Mankhwalawa amapezeka ngati mafuta, ma gels, kapena mafuta odzola kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito panja. Amaloledwa bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso chitetezo chake pamavuto a khungu.
