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Beta-Amylase CAS:9000-91-3 Mtengo wa Wopanga
Beta-amylase ndi enzyme yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa kagayidwe ka chakudya m'thupi, makamaka pakusweka kapena kusungunuka kwa mamolekyu a starch. Imathandizira kugawanika kwa ma α-1,4-glycosidic bonds mu starch, ndikutulutsa maltose ndi unit yaying'ono yotchedwa limit dextrin.
Enzyme iyi imapangidwa m'zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zomera, mabakiteriya, ndi bowa, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga kupanga mowa, kuphika, ndi kupanga mafuta a biofuel.
Pakupanga mowa, beta-amylase imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa starch mu tirigu wophikidwa kukhala shuga wokhuthala panthawi yosakaniza, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga mowa ndi yisiti. Pophika, zimathandiza kugawa starch kukhala shuga, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zophikidwazo ziwoneke zofiirira komanso kukoma kwake. Pakupanga mafuta a biofuel, beta-amylase imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa shuga wokhuthala kuchokera ku starch kuti ipange shuga wokhuthala womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ethanol.
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Bromelain Kuchokera ku Chinanazi STEM CAS:37189-34-7
Bromelain ndi chisakanizo cha ma enzymes ochokera ku tsinde la chomera cha chinanazi (Ananas comosus). Amapangidwa makamaka ndi ma protease, omwe ndi ma enzymes omwe amaswa mapuloteni. Bromelain yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana ambiri mu mankhwala achikhalidwe ngati mankhwala achilengedwe a matenda osiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zogaya mapuloteni, bromelain nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kugaya chakudya, kuthandiza kukonza kusweka ndi kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni m'thupi. Yaphunziridwanso chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zotsutsana ndi kutupa komanso ubwino wake wochepetsa kutupa, kuvulala, ndi ululu.
Kuwonjezera pa mphamvu zake zogaya chakudya komanso zotsutsana ndi kutupa, bromelain yafufuzidwa kuti ingathandize pa ntchito zina zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira, kuphatikizapo kuchiritsa mabala, chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso thanzi la kupuma.
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Calpain Inhibitor IV CAS:133407-82-6
Calpain Inhibitor IV ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi ndikuletsa ntchito ya enzyme ya calpain. Calpain ndi enzyme ya protease yomwe imadalira calcium yomwe imagwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zama cell, kuphatikizapo kuzindikiritsa maselo, apoptosis, ndi kusintha kwa cytoskeletal.
Mwa kuletsa calpain, Calpain Inhibitor IV imathandiza kupewa kuyambitsa kwambiri komanso kosalamulirika kwa enzyme iyi, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi kusagwira ntchito bwino. Kuletsa kumeneku kungakhale kothandiza m'mikhalidwe yomwe calpain imachita mopitirira muyeso, monga matenda a neurodegenerative monga matenda a Alzheimer's ndi Parkinson's, kuvulala kwa ischemic, kapena matenda a minofu.
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Carboxypeptidase B CAS:9025-24-5
Carboxypeptidase B ndi enzyme yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugaya mapuloteni ndi kagayidwe kake ka chakudya. Makamaka, imayambitsa hydrolysis ya ma peptide bond kumapeto kwa C-terminal ya mapuloteni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma amino acid a munthu aliyense achotsedwe.
Carboxypeptidase B ndi yodziwika bwino kwambiri pa ma amino acid oyambira, monga lysine ndi arginine, ndipo imathandiza kwambiri kuchotsa zotsalira izi. Imapezeka kwambiri mu pancreatic secretions ndipo imakhudzidwa ndi gawo lomaliza la kugaya mapuloteni m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.
Enzyme iyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kutsata mapuloteni, kupanga ma peptide, ndi kusanthula mapuloteni. Kuthekera kwa carboxypeptidase B kugawa makamaka ma amino acid a C-terminal a mapuloteni kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chofunikira pophunzira kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya mapuloteni.
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Carboxypeptidase, dipeptidyl, A CAS:9015-82-1
Carboxypeptidase ndi enzyme yomwe imayambitsa hydrolysis (kusweka) kwa ma peptide bonds kumapeto kwa carboxyl (C-terminal) kwa ma peptide ndi mapuloteni. Imathandiza mu kugaya ndi kukonza mapuloteni mwa kuchotsa ma amino acids payokha kumapeto kwa unyolo wa peptide. Ma Carboxypeptidases amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma exopeptidases, omwe amachotsa ma amino acid amodzi nthawi imodzi kumapeto kwa C-terminal, ndi ma endopeptidases, omwe amagawa ma peptide bonds mkati mwa unyolo wa peptide. Ma enzyme amenewa amachita ntchito zofunika kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamoyo, kuphatikizapo kagayidwe ka mapuloteni, kagayidwe ka mahomoni, ndi kagayidwe ka enzymatic activity.
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Coenzyme A sodium salt hydrate CAS:55672-92-9
Coenzyme A sodium salt hydrate ndi mtundu wa Coenzyme A (CoA) wosungunuka m'madzi, coenzyme yofunika kwambiri yomwe imagwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana za kagayidwe kachakudya. Imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugayika kwa mafuta, chakudya, ndi mapuloteni, komanso pakupanga mamolekyu ofunikira monga mafuta acid ndi cholesterol. Coenzyme A sodium salt hydrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kafukufuku wa biochemical ndi mankhwala ngati chowonjezera pophunzira kagayidwe ka maselo ndi njira zina zokhudzana nazo.
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5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline CAS:4199-88-6
5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi formula ya molekyulu C12H6N4O2. Ili m'gulu la zinthu zochokera ku phenanthroline ndipo ili ndi gulu la nitro (-NO2) lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi malo 5 a phenanthroline ring system.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamadziwika chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kupanga ma complexes okhazikika ndi ma ion achitsulo, makamaka ma ion achitsulo osinthika. Gulu la nitro limawonjezera mphamvu zake zopanga ma complexation ndipo limapangitsa kuti likhale lothandiza pazinthu zosiyanasiyana monga analytical chemistry, catalysis, ndi coordination chemistry.
5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline yagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chelator, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imapanga maubwenzi okhazikika ndi ma ayoni achitsulo mwa kupereka ma elekitironi awiriawiri okha. Izi zimathandiza kuwongolera molondola ndikusintha malo ogwirizanitsa zitsulo ndi ma ayoni.
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Acetyl coenzyme A sodium salt CAS:102029-73-2
Mchere wa sodium wa Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) ndi wochokera ku acetyl-CoA. Nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufuku wa labotale ndi maphunziro a zamankhwala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mchere wa sodium wa acetyl-CoA kuli mu maphunziro a kagayidwe ka maselo, makamaka pofufuza ntchito ya acetyl-CoA m'njira zosiyanasiyana za kagayidwe ka thupi. Acetyl-CoA imagwira ntchito ngati chiyambi cha kapangidwe ka mafuta acid, cholesterol, ndi matupi a ketone, komanso kuchita gawo lofunikira pakupanga mphamvu kudzera mu citric acid cycle (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Krebs cycle).
Kuphatikiza apo, acetyl-CoA imagwira ntchito mu acetylation ya mapuloteni, DNA, ndi histones, zomwe zingakhudze mawonekedwe a majini ndi kukonzanso kwa chromatin. Chifukwa chake, mchere wa sodium wa acetyl-CoA ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mu maphunziro omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kusintha kwa epigenetic kumeneku ndi momwe kumakhudzira magwiridwe antchito a maselo.
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Puromycin dihydrochloride CAS: 58-58-2 Mtengo wa Wopanga
Puromycin dihydrochloride ndi mankhwala amphamvu opha tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kafukufuku wa zamoyo zamaselo ndi zamoyo zamaselo. Amaletsa kupanga mapuloteni mwa kuyambitsa kutha msanga kwa kupanga mapuloteni panthawi yosinthidwa. Puromycin imagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi maselo a prokaryotic ndi eukaryotic ndipo ndi yothandiza kwambiri posankha ndi kulekanitsa maselo omwe asinthidwa majini kapena kulowetsedwa ndi jini yotsutsa puromycin. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo oyesera kuti aphunzire momwe majini amagwirira ntchito, kupanga mapuloteni, komanso kupanga maselo okhazikika okhala ndi kusintha kwa majini.
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Acetylcholinesterase CAS:9000-81-1
Mankhwala oletsa kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ndi gulu la mankhwala kapena mankhwala omwe amaletsa kugwira ntchito kwa enzyme ya acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase imayambitsa kuphwanya acetylcholine ya neurotransmitter m'thupi. Mwa kuletsa enzyme iyi, mankhwala oletsa kutsekeka kwa mitsempha amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa acetylcholine, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya cholinergic ichuluke m'mitsempha yapakati ndi ya m'mphepete mwa mitsempha ikule.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mankhwala oletsa cholinesterases pochiza matenda amitsempha monga matenda a Alzheimer's ndi myasthenia gravis. Mu matenda a Alzheimer's, mankhwala awa cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira kwa mitsempha ya cholinergic ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa chidziwitso. Mu myasthenia gravis, mankhwala oletsa cholinesterases amathandiza kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi mphamvu ya minofu.
Ntchito zina za anticholinesterases ndi monga kuzindikira ndi kuchiza poizoni wa anticholinergic, makamaka kuchokera ku mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo kapena mankhwala a mitsempha. Zinthuzi zimatha kuyambitsa kukondoweza kwambiri kwa ma muscarinic ndi nicotinic receptors, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikiro monga kufooka kwa minofu, kunjenjemera, komanso kupuma movutikira. Anticholinesterases amatha kusintha izi mwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa acetylcholine ndikupikisana ndi zinthu zapoizoni.
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Rapamycin kuchokera ku Streptomyces hygroscopicus CAS:53123-88-9
Rapamycin ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku bakiteriya ya Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Ili ndi ntchito zambiri zamoyo ndipo imadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zoletsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso zotsutsana ndi khansa.
Poyamba idapezeka ngati mankhwala opha mavairasi, rapamycin yapezeka kuti ili ndi mphamvu zoletsa chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri poika ziwalo zina kuti isakanidwe. Imachita izi mwa kuletsa kuyambika ndi kufalikira kwa maselo a T, omwe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Kuphatikiza apo, rapamycin yawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pochiza khansa zosiyanasiyana. Imagwira ntchito poletsa puloteni yotchedwa mTOR (chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa mammary target of rapamycin), yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula ndi kugawikana kwa maselo. Mwa kuletsa mTOR, rapamycin imathandiza kuwongolera kukula kosalamulirika kwa maselo a khansa.
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Acylase kuchokera ku mtundu wa Aspergillus CAS:9012-37-7
Acylase ndi enzyme yopangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Aspergillus genus, kuphatikizapo Aspergillus oryzae ndi Aspergillus niger. Enzyme iyi ndi ya banja la ma hydrolases ndipo imagwira ntchito mu hydrolysis ya acyl compounds.
Ma acylase amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa njira zosiyanasiyana za biochemical, makamaka pa kagayidwe ka zinthu zachilengedwe. Amathandizira kugawikana kwa magulu a acyl kuchokera ku substrate, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati co-reactant. Kachitidwe ka enzymatic aka kamadziwika kuti acyl hydrolysis.
Ma Acylase ochokera ku mtundu wa Aspergillus aphunziridwa kwambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu biotechnology. Awonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pakupanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana ofunika monga amino acid, maantibayotiki, ndi zina zophatikizika za mankhwala.
